While recent studies have delved into the potential effects of spinal manipulation (SM), limited focus has been given to its potential impact. A new study, published by the Journal of Contemporary Chiropractic, set out to outline what effects spinal manipulation might have and how it works, but also to urge healthcare professionals to consider using it in their practice. Spinal manipulation, of course, includes what chiropractors prefer to call adjusting the subluxation.
The implications of the study’s findings extend beyond the confines of chiropractic care, sparking interest among healthcare professionals and researchers alike. The multifaceted effects of spinal manipulation underscore its potential as a complementary therapy in addressing many health concerns. From pain management to neurological optimisation, its therapeutic reach holds promise for many more patients than just those with back and neck pain.
The review used a total of 164 resources, including experimental evidence, case studies, case series, randomised controlled trials, research reviews, research articles, population studies, cohort studies, case-controlled studies and medical textbooks. It was a lofty undertaking, examining numerous focus areas in the study. These included:
- Neuroplasticity
- The Prefrontal Cortex
- Proprioception
- Strength, MVC, and Muscle Activation
- Pain
- Descending Inhibition
- Psychosocial factors
- Range of Motion
- Adverse Events
- Muscle Activity
- The Pain-Spasm-Pain Cycle
- Segmental Facilitation (Motor Neurons)
- Autonomic Changes
- Sympathetic Nervous System and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
The research cited in the journal article examined the effects of spinal manipulation on several physiological and neurological processes. One notable finding is its potential to influence autonomic nervous system activity. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion and respiratory rate. By analysing heart rate variability, researchers observed significant alterations following spinal manipulation, suggesting a modulatory effect on autonomic function.
Furthermore, the study delved into the impact of spinal manipulation on pain perception and pain thresholds. Pain, a complex phenomenon influenced by both physical and psychological factors, poses a significant challenge across the board in the healthcare professions. Through various assessment methods, including pressure pain threshold measurements, researchers observed promising outcomes post-spinal manipulation. These findings hint at its potential efficacy in reducing pain sensitivity and improving pain tolerance, offering hope for individuals dealing with chronic pain conditions.
Beyond Pain Management
Beyond pain management, spinal manipulation emerges as a potential player in enhancing cognitive function. Cognitive performance encompasses many mental processes, including memory, attention, and executive functions. New research suggests a positive association between spinal manipulation and cognitive outcomes. Improved cognitive performance following spinal manipulation implies a broader impact on neurological function beyond the musculoskeletal system.
We’re just beginning to grasp how deeply “stress” affects both our bodies and minds. Studies on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) reveal a strong link between childhood exposure to dysfunction and abuse (stress) and higher risks of various health issues later in life. As we delve deeper into the effects of stress, we’re realising how profoundly it affects us physically, emotionally and mentally.
Now, let’s think of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as the manager of our brain. It handles executive functions like decision-making, problem-solving, and regulating our emotions and behaviour, including how we perceive pain. Recent research indicates that stress can significantly impact the PFC by reducing its ability to regulate during times of major stress. Additionally, studies have found a decrease in grey matter in the medial PFC in people with chronic pain, further illustrating the link between stress, pain and changes in brain structure.
Studies suggest that spinal manipulation (CM) could influence the way our brain processes sensory information in the PFC, potentially explaining its effects on reducing pain and improving function. While more research is needed to fully grasp this connection, it’s an intriguing concept that hints at the neurological response triggered by SM.
As we navigate the complexities of healthcare, continued exploration into the mechanism and efficacy of spinal manipulation remains vitally important. Future research may unravel additional facets of its effects, paving the way for optimised therapeutic interventions and improved patient outcomes. Collaborative efforts between healthcare practitioners, researchers, and educators are vital in advancing our understanding of spinal manipulation and harnessing its full potential in patient care.
Through more research and practical examination, we get closer to a full understanding of the impact of spinal manipulation and, of course, chiropractic adjustment. Every piece of research that emerges, from case report data to larger studies like this, helps light the way for future research and helps us understand the impact of the service we offer our communities.
It’s a wonderful thing to see.
References:
Williams, B (2024). The exploration of potential spinal manipulation effects. Journal of contemporary chiropractic. Vol. 7, Is. 1, 2024. https://journal.parker.edu/article/94424-the-exploration-of-potential-spinal-manipulation-effects
